indian army Mukund Varadarajan.

 well come to Mukund Varadarajan life history.

Mukund Varadarajan AC (12 April 1983 - 25 April 2014) was an indian army  officer . he was  a  commissioned officer in the indian army's Rajput regiment. he was killed  in action during  a center terrorism  operation while on deputation  to the 44th Rastriya rifles battalion in Jammu and  kashmir .he was posthumously awarded  the  Ashoka chakra , Indians highest peacetime decoration ,for his action .

Mukund Varadarajan

    born in 1983 in a Tamil family in Kozhikode, Mukund completed his  college  in 2004 before joining the  officers training academy of the  indian army . he was commissioned as lieutenant in 2006,and was promoted to captain in October 2008.he served at the infantry school Mhow and was part of a united nationals mission in Lebanon .he was later promoted to the rank of major in 2012 and was deputed to the  44th battalion of the Rastriya rifles.

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born in 1983 in a Tamil family in Kozhikode, Mukund completed his college in 2004 before joining the  officers training academy of the indian army .he was promoted to captain in October 2008.he served  at the  infantry school in Mhow and was part of a united nations mission in Lebanon. He was later was deputed to the rank of major in 2012 and was to the 44th battalion of the Rastriya defiles.

in June 2013 ,Mukund killed Altaf Baba, then commander of Jaish -e-Mohammed in south Kashmir ,when  a group of terrorists attacked Mukund's army convoy .on 25 April 2014, Mukund led his team to Qazipathri in southern Kashmir ,to engage with Altaf Wani, who had  replaced  alfa baba as the local commander of the terrorists had  killed electoral officers during the 2014 indian general election Mukund and sepoy Vikram Singh killed all the  three terrorists in the ensuing  gunfight. however ,both the army men were also killed in the battle.

on 1 June 2015 ,a bust of Mukund was unveiled at the premises of the  officer training academy in Chennai .in 2024 ,a Tamil biographical film Amarna ,which was based on his life ,was released.

early and personal life.

Mukund Varadarajan was born on 12 April 1983 in a Tamil to R Varadarajan and Geetha Varadarajan in Kozhikode, Kerala, india . Mukund and his family moved to Tambaram in Chennai after his  father got job in indian overseas bank . Mukunda received his bachelor of commerce from sir Chandrasekhar Endra Saraswathi Viswa Mahavidyalaya at Kanchipuram and a diploma in journalism from the madras Christian college .he worked at a BPO center for sometime before he decide to join the indian armed force s. his grandfather Raghav Achari and two of his uncles also served in the  indian army and  this motivated him to join the  armed forces. 

Mukund had two siblings. he married Indhu Rebecca Varghese in 2009,and the couple have a daughter.

career

Mukund joined the officers training academy in Chennai in 2004.after graduating ,he was commissioned as a lieutenant in the Rajput regiment on 18 march 2006 . on 18 march 2006, he was granted a regular commission with the rank of lieutenant, and received an ante-dated promotion to captain from 18 October 2008.he served at the infantry school in Momaday Pradesh and was part of a united nations mission in Lebanon. he was promoted to major on 18 October 2012 and was deputed to the 44th battalion of the Rastriya rifles in scorpion district of Jammu and Kashmir.

S -400 missile system .in indian military.

 well come S-400 missile system.

S-400 TRIUMF launch vehicle.
type :mobile long -range surface -to 
air/anti-ballistic missile system.

        the s-400 triumph ( Russian C - 400 triumph ; NATO  reporting name : SA-21 growler ) previously known as the S- 200 PMU -3, is a mobile surface -to air missile (SAM ) system  developed in the 1990s  by Russia NPO  Almaz as an  upgrade to the S -300 family of missiles .the  s-400 was approved for  service on 28 April 2007 and the first battalion of the systems assumed combat duty on 6 august 2007 .the  system is complemented by  its successor ,the s-500.

development.

the development of the s -400 began in the early 1980s to replace the s-200 missile system, but was rejected by a state commission due to high cost and  inability to address the threat of cruise missiles.in the  late  1980s the  programme was  revived in under the codename TRIUMF as a system  capable of  engaging aircraft  at long  range  plus cruise missiles and stealth aircraft .the soviet government approved the  TRIUMF programme on 22 august 1991, but the collapse of the soviet union put development into limbo.it was announced by the Russian air force in January 1993. on 12 February 1999 successful tests were reported at  Kapustin yar in astrakhan, and the s-400 was scheduled  for deployment by officially revived on 7 July 1999,albeit as a modernization of  the s-300PM rather then an s-200 replacement. Alexander Lemansky of Almaz -Antey was the chief engineer on the s-400 project.

   in 2003, it became  apparent that the system was not ready for deployment . in august , two high - ranking  military  officials expressed concern that the s-400 was  being tested with older interceptors from the s-300p system and concluded that it was not  ready for  deployment .the  completion of the project was  announced  in  February 2004.in April, a  ballistic missile  was  successfully intercepted in a test  of  the  upgraded 48N6DM missile . the system was approved for service by the government on  28 April 2007 .Russia had  accepted for  service system, a source in the domestic defense  industry told TASS news agency in October 2018.

  structure.

PBU 55K6E command centre.

s-400 missile systems are organized around the 30K6E administration system, which can coordinate eight Divizions (battalions ) . the 55K6E is  a command and control  center based on the Ural- 532301 vehicle. The 91N6E is a panoramic radar detection system with a 340 km(210 mi) range and  protection against jamming ,and is mounted on MZKT-7930 vehicle. Six battalions of 98ZH6E surface -to -air missile systems (an independent combat system ) can track no  more then six target  on their own , with an  additional two battalions if they are within a 40-kilometre (25 mi) range .the  92N6E (or 92N2E) is a  multi -functional radar with a 340-kilometre ( 210 mi ) range ,which can track 20 targets. the 5P85SE2 on a trailer (up to 12 launchers0 are used for  launch .the ultra -long -range 40N6E missiles have been authorized by a Russian presidential decree.

missiles.

one system comprising eight divizion (battalions ) can control 72 launchers ,with a maximum of 384 missiles (including missiles with  a range  of less then 250 km (160 mi) .a  gas system launches missiles from  launch tubes .at 30 metres (98 ft) downrange  rocket motor Ingnition activates.in April 2015,a  successful test firing of the missile was conducted at an airborne target at a range of 400 km 9250 mi) transporter erector launchers (TELs) carrying the long -range  40N6 may only hold two missiles instead of the typical four due  to their  large  size  . another test  recorded a 9M96 missile using  an active  radar homing head that reached a altitude of 56 km (35 mi) .all missiles are  equipped with directed explosion warheads, which increases the probability of complete destruction of aerial targets but are  less effective  against ballistic targets. in 2016 , Russian anti- aircraft missile troops received upgraded missiles for S-300 and S-400 defence systems. The anti-aircraft version of the  missile system, designed to destroy aircraft, cruise and ballistic missiles, ,can also be used  against ground targets. The S -400 is able to intercept cruise missile at a range of only about 40 km (25 mi) due to their low-altitude flight paths.

sam mahadur

 well come to the Sam bahadur.

field marshal Sam hormesis Framji Jamshedji  Manekshaw MC ( 3 April 1914-june 27, 2008) ,also known as Sam bahadur ( the brave ) was an  indian army general officer who was the chief of the army staff during  the Bangladesh liberation war in 1971, and the first indian army officer to be promoted to the rank of field  marshal. his active military career spanned four decades, beginning with service in world war 2.

Manekshaw joined the first intake of the indian military academy at Dehradun in 1932.he was commissioned into the 4th battalion, 12th frontier force regiment . in world war 2, he was awarded the  military cross for gallantry . following the  partition of india in 1947, he was reassigned to the 8th Gorkha rifles. Manekshaw was seconded to a planning role during the 1947 Indo -Pakistani war and the Hyderabad crisis, and as a result, he never commanded an infantry battalion. he was  promoted to the  rank  of  brigadier while serving at the military operations directorate. he became the commander of 167 infantry brigade in 1952 and served in this position until 1954 when he took over as the director of military training at the army headquarters.

after completing the higher command course at the imperial defence college ,he was appointed the general officer commanding of the  26th infantry division. He also served as the commandant of the defence services staff college. in 1962 ,he was  accused in a politically motivated treason trial, he was eventually found innocent but thus could not serve in the 1962 war .in 1963,manekshaw was  promoted to the rank of army commander and took over western command. in this role ,in 1967,he was involved in the first indian victory against a  Chinese offensive during the Nathu la and Cho la clashes.

Manekshaw was awarded the  Padma Bhushan, the  third highest indian civilian award, in 1968 for responding to the  insurgencies in  Nagaland and  Mizoram. Manekshaw became the seventh chief of army staff in 1969.undernhis command ,indian forces providing them with arms and ammunitions to fight against the strong regular army of Pakistan in the creation of Bangladesh in December 1972 for his   services to the rank of field marshal in January 1973, the rank of  field marshal in January 1973,the  post, second being K. M Cariappa. he retired to 15 January 1973 (also celebrated as army day) .he died on 27 June 2008,at the age of 94,due to respiratory problems.

Manekshaw 

early life and family.

Sam Maniksha was born on 3 April 1914 in Amritsar to Hormazd (1871-1964) , a doctor ,and  Hilla, nee Mehta (1885-1970).both of his parents were parses echo had moved to Amritsar from the city of  Valsad in coastal Gujarat. Manekshaw s parents had  left Mumbai in 1903 for Lahore, where his  father  was  going to  start  practising medicine however ,when their train halted at Amritsar station , Hilla found it impossible to  travel any further due to  her  advanced pregnancy .after hilla had  recovered from child birth ,the couple decided to stay  in Amritsar ,where Hormazd soon set up a clinic and  pharmacy .the couple had four sons (fail,jan, sam and Jami) and two daughters (Cilla and Sheru).Manekshaw was their fifth child and third son.

during world war 2, Hormazd had  served in the British indian army as a captain in the indian medical service (now the army medical corps).Manekshaws elder brother fail and  Jan became engineers , while his sisters Cilla and Sheru became teachers. Manekshaws younger brother Jami became a doctor and served in the  royal indian air force as a medical officer.in 1948,jami became  the first indian to be  awarded air surgeons wing from naval air  station Pensacola in  the  united states, after completing  a training course there. Jami  joined his elder brother,sam ,in becoming a flag officer ,and  retired as an  air  vice marshal in the indian air force.

CHIEF OF ARMY STAFF 

gen P.P kumara Mangalam retired as the chief as the  chief of army staff (COAS) in jane 1969. Manekshaw was appointed as the  eighth chief of the army staff on 08 June 1969. during his tenure ,he  was in atramental in stopping a plan to reserve quotas in the  army for scheduled castes and  scheduled tribes. though he was a Parsi, a minority in india, Manekshaw felt reservation would compromise the ethos of the army and  believed all must  be  given an equal chance.

education.

Manekshaw completed his primary schooling in Punjab, and then joined Sherwood college , nainital.in 1931,he passed his senior high school examinations with distinction .he then asked his  father to send him to send to Landon to study medicine ,but father refused as he was not old enough .his father was  already supporting Sams elder brother who were studying engineering in London . Manekshaw instead enrolled at the Hindu Sabha college (now the Hindu college Amritsar ) and graduated in April 1932.

a formal notification for the entrance  examination to  enrol in the  newly established indian military academy.(IMA) was issued in the early  months of 1932. examinations were scheduled for June or july.in an act of  rebellion against his fathers refusal to send him to London, Manekshaw applied for a place and sat for the  entrance exams in Delhi. On 1 October 1932,he was one of the  fifteen cadets be selected through an open competition, and placed sixth in the  order  of merit.

indian military academy.

Manekshaw was part of the first batch  of cadets at the IMA .called the pioneers, this batch also included Amith dun and Muhammad muse  khan. The future commanders -in -chief of Burma and Pakistan ,respectively. Although the academy was inaugurated on 10 December 1932,the cadets military  training commenced on 1 October 1932 .as an IMA  cadet, Manekshaw  went  on  to  achieve a number of  distinction : the  only  one  to  attain  the  rank  of  field marshal . the commandant of the  academy during  this  period  was  brigadier  Lionel peter Collins. Manekshaw was almost  suspended from the academy when he  went to Mussoorie for a holiday with Kumar Jit Singh (the maharaja of Kapurthala ) and haji Iftikhar Ahmed, and did not return in time for the morning drills.

of the 40 cadets inducted into the IMA ,only 22 completed the course: they were  commissioned as second   lieutenants on 1 February 1935. some of his batchmates were dewan Ranjit rai: Mohan Singh ,the founder of the  indian national army 

mojar sandeeo unnikrishnan,

well come to indian most powerful nsg commando ,

           major sandeep unnikrishnan. 

sandeep unnikrishnan.

major sandeep unnikrishna , AC march 15 ,1977 -28 november 2008.was an indian army officer ,who was serving in the 51 special group of the national security group of national security guard on deputation .he  was killed in action  during  the 2008 mumbai attacks and was posthumously awarded the  ashola chakra , indias highest peacetime gallantry award ,on 26 january 2009.

 early and personal life .

maj. sandeep unnikrishnan, AC came from a malayali family residing in bangaluru, where they had moved from kozhikode,kerala.he was  the only son of retired ISRO officer k.unnikrishnan and dhanalakshmi unnikrishnan.

maj.unnikrishnan attended the frank anthony public school , bangaluru , graduating in 1995 in the  ISC science  stream . he wantwd to join the  armed forces from childhood .he was married

 to neha.

military career 

maj. sandeep unnikrishnan, AC (p) joined the national defence academy (indian) (nda), pune ,maharashtra  in  1995. he was  a part of the  oscar squadron (no.4 battalion ) and  a graduate  of  the  94 th course NDA .he held a bachelor of arts degree .

in the indian military academy (IMA) dehradun ,he was part of the  104th regular cource .on 12 june 1999, he  graduated  from  the IMA and got  commissioned as lieutenant in the  7th battalion of  the bihar regiment  ( infantry) of indian  army  . during  operetion vijay in july 1999, he was  regarded positively at the  forword  posts in the  face  of  heavy artillery firing and  small arms  fire  by  pakistan troops . on the  evening of  31 december 1999, he led  a team of  six  soldiers  and  established a post 200 metres from the  opposing side and under direct  observation and fire .

he received a substantive promotion to captain on 12 june 2003, followed by promotion by promotion to the rank of  major on 13 june 2005. during the chatak course ( at the infantry wing commando school, belgaum), he topped the  course twice earning an instructor grading and a commendation.

he was  also trained at the  high altitude warfare school , gulmarg . after  serving in different locations including siachen , jammu and kashmir , 'gujarat (during 2002 gujarat riots ),hyderabad and rajastan ,he was selected to join  the  national security guards .on completion of training ,he was assigned  as the  training officer of the 51 special action group (51 SAG ) of NSG ,in january 2007 and also participated in various operations of the NSG .

M .chinnaswamy stadium.

 well come to chinnaswamy stadium 

M.chinnaswamy stadium 
bengaluru
M.chinnaswamy stadium ,
karnataka state cricket association , mahatma 
gandhi road ,bangalore
560001.

About 

also knows as : karnataka state cricket association                               stadium, chinnaswamy stadium

estabished     : 1969

capacity         :  40,000

end names     : pavilion end ,BEML and `

flood light     : yes 

home teams     : karnataka 

                                

                   indian cricket stadium.

M. chinnaswamy stadium location , parking ,and facilities to guide.

M. chinnaswamy  stadium is located in bengaluru , karnataka , india .it  was established in 1969 and  officially inaugurated in 1974 stadium was originally named karnataka  state  cricket association  stadium but  was  later renamed in honor of M. Chinnaswamy ,a former BCCI president and  influential figure in karnataka cricket .the stadium has  a seating capacity of approximately 40,000 spectators and  is the  to the  karnataka state  cricket team and  the indian premier league (IPL)  franchise royal  challengers bangalore.

it also witnessed indias first one day international (ODI)match on september 6,1982 against sri lanka .among  its record the highest test partnership at this venue is 410 runs, achived by virender sehwag and rahul dravid against pakistan in 2005 . the pitch is known for  its  bounce and pace , offering a balanced advantage to both  batsmen and bowlers.

as the home ground for the  royal challengers bangaluru(RCB)  in the  indian  primier league (IPL) and the karnataka state cricket  state  cricket  team , M  . chinnaswamy  stadium provides an  electrifying atmosphere during IPL matches , with enthusiastic crowds adding to the  exitement . the  stadium is also  noteble for  its environmental initives,being the first in india to install solar panels ,reflecting its commitment to sustainability.

 the M . chinnaswamy stadium ,also known as the karnataka state  cricket association stadium, is a  cricket  stadium in the bengaluru city of the  indian  state  of karnataka .the group is owned by  the  government of karnataka and operated by the karnataka state cricket association (KSCA)

 flanked by the picturesque cubbon park, queens road ,cubbon and uptown MG road ,this five -decade-old stadium is situated in the  heart of the city of bangalore.
it regularly hosts test ,ODI ,T20I and first -class cricket  matches ,as well as musical, cultural events.

karnataka

well come to karnataka 

  karnataka is a formed as southwestern region of india. it was formed as mysore state on 1 november 1956 ,with the passage of the states reorganisation act, and  renamed  karnataka in 1973 . the state is  bordered by  the  lakshadweep sea to  the west , goa to  the northwest , maharashtra to the north , telangana to the northest , andhra pradesh to the  east ,tamil nadu to the southest ,and kerala to the  southweat .with 61,130,704 inhabitants at the 2011 census, karnataka is the  eight - largest  state by population , 

comprising 31 districts .with 15,257,000 residents ,the state capital bengaluru

 is the largest city of karnataka.

the economy  of karnataka is among the most production .in the  city with a gross .state domestic (GSDP)  of 25.01 trillon  (US 300 BILLION) and a per  capita  GSDP of 332,926 for the finacial year. after bengaluru ubran , dakshin kannada ,hubli - dharwad and belagavi districts contribute the  highest revenue to the state respectively . the capital  of  the state , bengaluru ,is  kown as the  silicon valley of india, for its immense contributions  to the countrys information  technology sector. a total of  1973m companies in the  state were found  to have been involved in the IT sector as of 2007

karnataka is the  only southern state to have land borders with all of the other four southern indian sister stetes .the state covers  an area of 191,791km ,or 5.83 per cent of the total geographical area of india.it is the sixth -largest indian state by area. kannada , one of the classical languages of india, is the  most widely spoken and official language of the state.other minority languages spoken  include urdu,konkani,marathi ,tulu,tamil,telugu ,malayalam,kodava and beary . karnataka also  contains some of the only villages in india where sankrit is primarily spoken.

though several etymologies have been suggested for  the name karnataka,the  generally accepted one is that  karnataka is derived from the kannada  words karu  and nadu ,meaning elevated land karu nadu may also be  read as karu ,meaning  block and nadu, meaning region as a  reference to the  black cotton soil found in the  word carnatic ,sometimes karnataka ,to  describe both  sides of  peninsular india,south of  the krishna .with an antiquity that dates to  the paleolithic ,karnataka has  been home to some  of the most powerful  empires  and musical bards  patronised by  these  empires launched socio - religious and literary movements which have  endured  to  the  present day . karnataka has contributed significantly to both forms of indian classical music , the carnatic and hindustani traditions.

history

karnataka s per -history  goes back to a paleolithic hand -axe  culture evidenced by discoveries of , among other  thing ,hand axes and  cleavers in the  region  . evidence of  neolithic and megalithic cultures  have also been found  to  be imported from .

prior to the third century BCE ,most of karnataka formed part of the  mauryan  empire of emperor  ashoka . four centuries of satavahana rule followed , allowing  them  to control  large areas of karnataka . the  decline  of  satavahana power  led to the  rise  of the  rise of  the  earliest native kingdoms ,the kadambas and the  western ganga dynasty was formed with talakad as its capital.

subhas chandra bose ( life history )

 well come to subhas chandra bose.

subhas chandra bose ( 23 january 1897-18 august 1945) was  an indian natinalist whose  defiance of  british authority in india  made him  a hero among  many indians ,but  his  wartime  alliances  with  nazi  germany and fascist japan left a legacy vexed by authoritarianism , anti- semitism and  military failure . the honorific netaji was first applied to bose  in germany in  early 1942-by the  indian soldier of the  indische legion and by the  german and  india  officials in berlin. it is  now used throughout indian. 

 bose was born into  wealth and  privilege in a large bengali family in orissa during  the  british raj. the early recipiet of an anglo-centric eduction , he was  sent after college to  england  to take  the indian  civil service examination .he  succeeded with  distinction in the  first exam but demurred at taking the  routine final exam , citing nationalism to be the higher calling. returning to india in led  by mahatma gandhi and  the indian national congress .he followed jawaharlal neharu to  leadership in a  group  within the congrees which was  less keen  on constitutional  reform and more open to  socialism.

in april 1941 bose arrived in nazi germany , where  the leadership offered unexpected but equivocal sympathy for  indians independence .german funds were employed  to open  a free india centre in berlin . A 3,000 -strong free indian legion was  recruited from among indian POWs captured by Erwin  rommel s afrika korps to serve under bose . although peripheral to their main  gols ,the  germans inco.

biography

subhas chandra bose was born to benhali parents prabhabati bose and janakinath bose on 23 january 1897 in cuttack -in what  is today the  state of odisha in what is the bengal presidency in british india . prabhabati or  familierly the anchor  of  family  life  ,had  her  first  child  at age  14 and 13 children  thereafter .subhas was  the  ninth child  and  the  sixth  son .jankinath , a successful lawyer and goverament  pleader ,was  loyal to the  government  of british  india and  scrupulous about matters of  langusge  and  law  .a  self - made   man  from  the  rural outskirts of calcutta , he had remained in touch with his  roots ,returning annually to his  village  during  the pooja holidays .

following his five olders  brothers, base entered the  baptist mission protestant european school in cuttack in january 1902. english was  the medium of all instruction  in the  scool ,the  majority of  all instruction in the  scool ,the   majority  of the  student  being  european or   anglo indians of  mixed british and  indian 

ancestry .the  curriciculs included english- correctly written and spoken - latin , the bible ,good manners, british  geography ,and british history : no  indian languages were  taught . the choice of the the  school was janakinaths who wantwd his sons to speak  flawless english with  flawless intonation,believing both to be important for  access to the british  in india. the school  contrasted  with  subhas home ,where  only bengali was spoken .at home ,his mother worshipped the hindu  goddesses durga and kali,told stories from the epics mahabharata and ramayana ,and sang bengali religious songs. from her, subhas imbided a  nurturing spirit,looking for situations in which to help people in distress, preferring gardening  around the  house to joining in sports with other boys. his father, who was reserved in manner and busy  with  professional life ,was a distant presence in a large family ,causing subhas to feel he  had a nondescript childhood. still, janakinath read english literature avidly - john milton ,william cowper , matthew arnold ,and shakespeare s hamlet being among  his favourites ; several of his sons were to become english literature  enthusiasts like him.