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Mohandasa Karama Chandra Gandhi (2 October 1869_ 30 January 1948 ) was an Indian lawyer anti -colonial nationalist ,and political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for Indians independence from British rule .he inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world .the honorific mahatma (from Sanskrit ,meaning great - souled ,or venerable ) ,first applied to him in south Africa in 1914 ,is now used throughout the world .
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| mahatma Gandhi |
born and raised in Hindu family in coastal Gujarat ,Gandhi trained in the law at the lanner temple in London and was called to the bar at the age of 22.after two uncertain year in India ,where he was unable to start a successful law practice ,Gandhi moved to south African in 1893 to represent an Indian merchant in a lawsuit .Gandhi raised a family and first employed nonviolent resistance in a campaign for civil rights .in 1915 ,aged 45 ,he returned to India and soon set about organising peasants ,farmers, and discrimination and excessive land tax.
Assuming leadership of the Indian national congress in 1921,
Gandhi led nationwide campaign's for easing poverty, expanding women's right, building religious and ethnic amity,
ending untouchability.and,above all, achieving swaraj or seif
rul.gandhi adopted the short dhoti woven with hand- spun yarn
as a mark of identification with Indians rural poor. He begon
to live in a self sufficient residential community, to eat simple
food, and undertake long fasts as a means of both introspection
and political protest. Bringing anti-colonial nationalism to the
common Indians, Gandhi led them in challenging the British
imposed salt tax with the 400km[ 250mi] Dandi salad march in
1930 and in calling for the British to quit Indian in 1942.
He was imprisoned many times and for many years in both
south Africa and india.
Gandhis vision of an independent Indian based on religious pluralism was challenged in the Ealy 1940s
by a Muslim nationalism which demanded a separate homeland for Muslims within British India. In August 1947, british indian Empire was partitioned into two dominions, a hindu majority india and a muslim majority pakistan. As many displaced hindus, muslims, and sikhs made their way to their new lands, religious violenceb broke out, especially in the punjab and begal.Abstaining from the official celebration of independence, Gndhi visited the affected areas, attempting to alleviate distress. In the months follwing, he undertook several hunger strikes to stop the religious violence.The last of these was begun in delhi on 12 january 1948, when gandhi was 78.The belief that gandhi had been too resolute in his defence of both pakistan and indian muslims spread among some hindus in india.Among these was nathuram godse, a militant hindu nationalist from pune, western india, who assassinated gandhi by firing three bullets into his chest at an interfaith prayer meeting in delhi on 30 january 1948 .
Gandhis birthday,2 october, is commemorated in india as gandhi jayanti, a national holiday, and worlwide as the international day nonviolence. Gandhi is considered to be the Fother of the nation in post colonial india.During indias nationalist movement and in several decades immediately after, he was also commonly called Bapu, an endearment roughiy meaning ''father''.
early life and background
gandhi father karamachanda uttamachandha gandhi (1822-1885),served as the deven of porbandar state .his family originated from the then villege of kutiana in what was then junagadh state although karamachand only had been a clerk in the state administration and had an elementary ,education he proved a capable chife minister.
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