mojar sandeeo unnikrishnan,

well come to indian most powerful nsg commando ,

           major sandeep unnikrishnan. 

sandeep unnikrishnan.

major sandeep unnikrishna , AC march 15 ,1977 -28 november 2008.was an indian army officer ,who was serving in the 51 special group of the national security group of national security guard on deputation .he  was killed in action  during  the 2008 mumbai attacks and was posthumously awarded the  ashola chakra , indias highest peacetime gallantry award ,on 26 january 2009.

 early and personal life .

maj. sandeep unnikrishnan, AC came from a malayali family residing in bangaluru, where they had moved from kozhikode,kerala.he was  the only son of retired ISRO officer k.unnikrishnan and dhanalakshmi unnikrishnan.

maj.unnikrishnan attended the frank anthony public school , bangaluru , graduating in 1995 in the  ISC science  stream . he wantwd to join the  armed forces from childhood .he was married

 to neha.

military career 

maj. sandeep unnikrishnan, AC (p) joined the national defence academy (indian) (nda), pune ,maharashtra  in  1995. he was  a part of the  oscar squadron (no.4 battalion ) and  a graduate  of  the  94 th course NDA .he held a bachelor of arts degree .

in the indian military academy (IMA) dehradun ,he was part of the  104th regular cource .on 12 june 1999, he  graduated  from  the IMA and got  commissioned as lieutenant in the  7th battalion of  the bihar regiment  ( infantry) of indian  army  . during  operetion vijay in july 1999, he was  regarded positively at the  forword  posts in the  face  of  heavy artillery firing and  small arms  fire  by  pakistan troops . on the  evening of  31 december 1999, he led  a team of  six  soldiers  and  established a post 200 metres from the  opposing side and under direct  observation and fire .

he received a substantive promotion to captain on 12 june 2003, followed by promotion by promotion to the rank of  major on 13 june 2005. during the chatak course ( at the infantry wing commando school, belgaum), he topped the  course twice earning an instructor grading and a commendation.

he was  also trained at the  high altitude warfare school , gulmarg . after  serving in different locations including siachen , jammu and kashmir , 'gujarat (during 2002 gujarat riots ),hyderabad and rajastan ,he was selected to join  the  national security guards .on completion of training ,he was assigned  as the  training officer of the 51 special action group (51 SAG ) of NSG ,in january 2007 and also participated in various operations of the NSG .

M .chinnaswamy stadium.

 well come to chinnaswamy stadium 

M.chinnaswamy stadium 
bengaluru
M.chinnaswamy stadium ,
karnataka state cricket association , mahatma 
gandhi road ,bangalore
560001.

About 

also knows as : karnataka state cricket association                               stadium, chinnaswamy stadium

estabished     : 1969

capacity         :  40,000

end names     : pavilion end ,BEML and `

flood light     : yes 

home teams     : karnataka 

                                

                   indian cricket stadium.

M. chinnaswamy stadium location , parking ,and facilities to guide.

M. chinnaswamy  stadium is located in bengaluru , karnataka , india .it  was established in 1969 and  officially inaugurated in 1974 stadium was originally named karnataka  state  cricket association  stadium but  was  later renamed in honor of M. Chinnaswamy ,a former BCCI president and  influential figure in karnataka cricket .the stadium has  a seating capacity of approximately 40,000 spectators and  is the  to the  karnataka state  cricket team and  the indian premier league (IPL)  franchise royal  challengers bangalore.

it also witnessed indias first one day international (ODI)match on september 6,1982 against sri lanka .among  its record the highest test partnership at this venue is 410 runs, achived by virender sehwag and rahul dravid against pakistan in 2005 . the pitch is known for  its  bounce and pace , offering a balanced advantage to both  batsmen and bowlers.

as the home ground for the  royal challengers bangaluru(RCB)  in the  indian  primier league (IPL) and the karnataka state cricket  state  cricket  team , M  . chinnaswamy  stadium provides an  electrifying atmosphere during IPL matches , with enthusiastic crowds adding to the  exitement . the  stadium is also  noteble for  its environmental initives,being the first in india to install solar panels ,reflecting its commitment to sustainability.

 the M . chinnaswamy stadium ,also known as the karnataka state  cricket association stadium, is a  cricket  stadium in the bengaluru city of the  indian  state  of karnataka .the group is owned by  the  government of karnataka and operated by the karnataka state cricket association (KSCA)

 flanked by the picturesque cubbon park, queens road ,cubbon and uptown MG road ,this five -decade-old stadium is situated in the  heart of the city of bangalore.
it regularly hosts test ,ODI ,T20I and first -class cricket  matches ,as well as musical, cultural events.

karnataka

well come to karnataka 

  karnataka is a formed as southwestern region of india. it was formed as mysore state on 1 november 1956 ,with the passage of the states reorganisation act, and  renamed  karnataka in 1973 . the state is  bordered by  the  lakshadweep sea to  the west , goa to  the northwest , maharashtra to the north , telangana to the northest , andhra pradesh to the  east ,tamil nadu to the southest ,and kerala to the  southweat .with 61,130,704 inhabitants at the 2011 census, karnataka is the  eight - largest  state by population , 

comprising 31 districts .with 15,257,000 residents ,the state capital bengaluru

 is the largest city of karnataka.

the economy  of karnataka is among the most production .in the  city with a gross .state domestic (GSDP)  of 25.01 trillon  (US 300 BILLION) and a per  capita  GSDP of 332,926 for the finacial year. after bengaluru ubran , dakshin kannada ,hubli - dharwad and belagavi districts contribute the  highest revenue to the state respectively . the capital  of  the state , bengaluru ,is  kown as the  silicon valley of india, for its immense contributions  to the countrys information  technology sector. a total of  1973m companies in the  state were found  to have been involved in the IT sector as of 2007

karnataka is the  only southern state to have land borders with all of the other four southern indian sister stetes .the state covers  an area of 191,791km ,or 5.83 per cent of the total geographical area of india.it is the sixth -largest indian state by area. kannada , one of the classical languages of india, is the  most widely spoken and official language of the state.other minority languages spoken  include urdu,konkani,marathi ,tulu,tamil,telugu ,malayalam,kodava and beary . karnataka also  contains some of the only villages in india where sankrit is primarily spoken.

though several etymologies have been suggested for  the name karnataka,the  generally accepted one is that  karnataka is derived from the kannada  words karu  and nadu ,meaning elevated land karu nadu may also be  read as karu ,meaning  block and nadu, meaning region as a  reference to the  black cotton soil found in the  word carnatic ,sometimes karnataka ,to  describe both  sides of  peninsular india,south of  the krishna .with an antiquity that dates to  the paleolithic ,karnataka has  been home to some  of the most powerful  empires  and musical bards  patronised by  these  empires launched socio - religious and literary movements which have  endured  to  the  present day . karnataka has contributed significantly to both forms of indian classical music , the carnatic and hindustani traditions.

history

karnataka s per -history  goes back to a paleolithic hand -axe  culture evidenced by discoveries of , among other  thing ,hand axes and  cleavers in the  region  . evidence of  neolithic and megalithic cultures  have also been found  to  be imported from .

prior to the third century BCE ,most of karnataka formed part of the  mauryan  empire of emperor  ashoka . four centuries of satavahana rule followed , allowing  them  to control  large areas of karnataka . the  decline  of  satavahana power  led to the  rise  of the  rise of  the  earliest native kingdoms ,the kadambas and the  western ganga dynasty was formed with talakad as its capital.

subhas chandra bose ( life history )

 well come to subhas chandra bose.

subhas chandra bose ( 23 january 1897-18 august 1945) was  an indian natinalist whose  defiance of  british authority in india  made him  a hero among  many indians ,but  his  wartime  alliances  with  nazi  germany and fascist japan left a legacy vexed by authoritarianism , anti- semitism and  military failure . the honorific netaji was first applied to bose  in germany in  early 1942-by the  indian soldier of the  indische legion and by the  german and  india  officials in berlin. it is  now used throughout indian. 

 bose was born into  wealth and  privilege in a large bengali family in orissa during  the  british raj. the early recipiet of an anglo-centric eduction , he was  sent after college to  england  to take  the indian  civil service examination .he  succeeded with  distinction in the  first exam but demurred at taking the  routine final exam , citing nationalism to be the higher calling. returning to india in led  by mahatma gandhi and  the indian national congress .he followed jawaharlal neharu to  leadership in a  group  within the congrees which was  less keen  on constitutional  reform and more open to  socialism.

in april 1941 bose arrived in nazi germany , where  the leadership offered unexpected but equivocal sympathy for  indians independence .german funds were employed  to open  a free india centre in berlin . A 3,000 -strong free indian legion was  recruited from among indian POWs captured by Erwin  rommel s afrika korps to serve under bose . although peripheral to their main  gols ,the  germans inco.

biography

subhas chandra bose was born to benhali parents prabhabati bose and janakinath bose on 23 january 1897 in cuttack -in what  is today the  state of odisha in what is the bengal presidency in british india . prabhabati or  familierly the anchor  of  family  life  ,had  her  first  child  at age  14 and 13 children  thereafter .subhas was  the  ninth child  and  the  sixth  son .jankinath , a successful lawyer and goverament  pleader ,was  loyal to the  government  of british  india and  scrupulous about matters of  langusge  and  law  .a  self - made   man  from  the  rural outskirts of calcutta , he had remained in touch with his  roots ,returning annually to his  village  during  the pooja holidays .

following his five olders  brothers, base entered the  baptist mission protestant european school in cuttack in january 1902. english was  the medium of all instruction  in the  scool ,the  majority of  all instruction in the  scool ,the   majority  of the  student  being  european or   anglo indians of  mixed british and  indian 

ancestry .the  curriciculs included english- correctly written and spoken - latin , the bible ,good manners, british  geography ,and british history : no  indian languages were  taught . the choice of the the  school was janakinaths who wantwd his sons to speak  flawless english with  flawless intonation,believing both to be important for  access to the british  in india. the school  contrasted  with  subhas home ,where  only bengali was spoken .at home ,his mother worshipped the hindu  goddesses durga and kali,told stories from the epics mahabharata and ramayana ,and sang bengali religious songs. from her, subhas imbided a  nurturing spirit,looking for situations in which to help people in distress, preferring gardening  around the  house to joining in sports with other boys. his father, who was reserved in manner and busy  with  professional life ,was a distant presence in a large family ,causing subhas to feel he  had a nondescript childhood. still, janakinath read english literature avidly - john milton ,william cowper , matthew arnold ,and shakespeare s hamlet being among  his favourites ; several of his sons were to become english literature  enthusiasts like him.

   

indian army .

 well come to Indian army.

the  Indian army is the  land -based  branch and largest component of the Indian armed forces, making it the  world s second -largest army and  the  fourth  most  powerful military globally .the president of  India is  the supreme commander of the  Indian  army ,and its  professional  head is the  chief  of the army  staff (COAS) . the  Indian army  was established  on 1  April 1895 alongside the  long  established presidency armies  of the east Indian company ,which too were  absorbed into  it in 1903. some  princely  states maintained their own  armies which  formed  the imperial service  troops which ,along  with  the  armed  forces  of the  Indian  empire . the  imperial service troops were merged into  the  Indian army  after  independence .the  units and  regiments of the  Indian  army  have  diverse histories  and  have  participated in several battles and campaigns around  the world , earning  many battle and theatre honours before and after independence.

Kargilin  war (1999)

in 1998,india carried out nuclear tests; and a few days later, Pakistan responded with nuclear tests of its own , giving both countries nuclear deterrence capability, although Indian had tested a hydrogen bomb ,which Pakistan  lacked . diplomatic tensions  eased after the Lahore summit was  held in 1999 .however, the sense of optimism was short -lived . in  mid- 1999, Pakistani paramilitary  forces  and Kashmiri insurgents  captured the  deserted , but  strategic ,Himalayan heights in the  Kargil district of India .these had  been  vacated by the Indian army during the onset of the inhospitable  winter and were  to  be reoccupied in  spring . the  troops that  control of  these areas  received  important support  ,of  both arms and supplies ,from Pakistan .some  of the heights under  their control  , which  also included the  tiger hill, overlooked the vital Srinagar - leg highway ,highway datalike, and dras.

  once the scale of  the  Pakistan  incursion was  realise, the  Indian army quickly  mobilised about 200,000 troops ,and  operation Vijay was launched . however ,sine the  was height s  were  under  Pakistan  control ,Indian  was  at a clear  strategic  disadvantage . form  their  observation posts ,the  Pakistan  forces  had  a clear  line - of - sight to lay down  indirect artillery fire  on NM 1A , inflictfing  heavy casualties on the  Indians . this  was a serious  problem casualties on  the  indian army  as the  highway was its  main  supply   route . thus, the in Indian  army's priority was to  recapture  peaks near NH -1A .this  resulted  in indian  troops first  targeting the tiger  hill and tololing complex in dras. this was soon  followed  by more  attacks on  the batalik - turtok sub - sector ,which provided access to siachen view  of of the NM  1A ,was  successfully recaptured by Indian forces on 14 june.

 though most of  the  posts  in the  vicinity of the highway were cleared of the enemy by -june,some posts near dras endured  sporadic shelling until  the  end  of  war. once the NM 1A  area was cleared ,the  indian army  turned

narendra modi (life history ) and indian prime minister .

 well come to Indian prime minister.

narendra Damodaradas Modi (born 17 September 1950) is an Indian politician who has served as the  prime  minister of India since 2014 .Modi was  the chief minister of Gujarat from  2001 to 2014 and  is  the  member  of parliament ( MP)  for Varanasi . he is  a   member  of the  Bhartiya  Janata  party (BJP) and of the  Rastriya Swayamsevak Sangh RSS ,a right-wing  Hindu nationalist  paramilitary volunteer organisation . he is the  longest -serving prime minister outside the Indian national congress.

prime minister of 
India 
incumbent
assumed office 
26 may 2014 

  Modi was born and raised in Vadnagar in  northeastern Gujarat, where he completed his secondary education .he  was  introduced  to the RSS at the  age  of eight .at  the age of 18 , he was married to Jashodaben Modi ,whom  he  abandoned soon after ,only publicly acknowledging her  four  decades later when legally required to do so . Modi  became a full -time  worker for the RSS  in Gujarat in 1971 . the RSS assigned him to the BJP in 1985 and  he  rose  through the  party  hierarchy , becoming general secretary in 1998 . in 2001 ,Modi  was  appointed  chief  minister  of Gujarat and  elected  to the  legislative assembly soon  after . his  administration is  considered complicit in  the 2002 Gujarat riots , and  has been  criticised for  its  management  of the crisis .according to official records, a little over 1000 people  were  killed ,three -quarters of whom were Muslim.

independent sources estimated 2000 deaths , mostly Muslim . a special investigation team  appointed by the supreme court  of India in 2012 found  no evidence to  initiate  prosecution proceedings against him. while his  policies as chief  minister were credited  for encouraging economic growth  ,his administration was criticised for failing to significantly improve  health, poverty and education indices in the state.

 in the  2014 Indian general election ,Modi led the BJP to a parliamentary majority ,the first for a party since 1984. his administration increased direct foreign investment ,and reduced  spending  on healthcare , education ,and  social - welfare  program mental and  weakened or  abolished  environmental and labour laws . his  demonetisation of banknotes in 2016 and introduction of the goods and services tax in 2017 sparked controversy. Modis administration launched the 2019 salakot airstrike against an alleged terrorist training camp in Pakistan.

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B . R Ambedkar.

 well camo to B.R Ambedkar life history .

Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar 14 April 1891 -6 December 1956.  was an Indian jurist economist ,social reformer and political leader who chaired  the committee that drafted  the constitution of Indian based  on the  committee that  drafted the  constitution of  India based on the  debates of the constituent assembly of India based on the  first draft of sir  Benegal nursing  Rau. Ambedkar served as law  and justice  minister in the first  cabinet of Jawaharlal Nehru .he later renounced Hinduism, converted to Buddhism and inspired the  Dalit Buddhist movement.

Ambedkar in the 1950s
1st minister of law and justice
in office 
15 august 1947-6 October 1951
prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru
preceded by position established 
succeeded by Charu Chandra Biswas.

after graduating from Elphinstone college , university of  bombay ,Ambedkar  studied economics at Columbia  university and the  London school of economics , receiving doctorates in 1927 and 1923 , respectively ,and was among a handful of  Indian students to have  done so at either institution in the 1920s .he also trained  in the law  at gray s inn ,London . in  his  early  career,. he  was an  economist ,professor ,and lawyer .his  later life  was  marked  by  his  political activities ;  he  became involved in  campaigning  and  negotiations for  partition ,publishing  journals, advocating  political right s and social freedom for  dalits ,and contributing  to the  establishment of  the state of India. in  1956, he converted to Buddhism , initiating mass conversions of Dalits.

in 1990, the Bharat Ratna ,India's highest  civilian award, was  posthumously conferred on Ambedkar . the  salutation jai Bhim used  by  followers honours his . he is  also referred to by  the  honorific Babasaheb meaning respected father.

early life and education.

Ambedkar  was born on 14 April 1891  in  the  town and  military  cantonment of Mhow .he  was  the   14th  and  last  child of Ramji maloji Sakpal ,an army  officer who  held  the  rank  of  subedar, and  Bhimabai Sakpal, daughter of  Laxman Mumbaikar .his  family was  of  Marathi background from the town of  am

bedawe in Ratnagiri district  of  modern -Dayn  Maharashtra . Ambedkar s ancestor had long worked  for  the  army of  the  British east  India company, and his father  served in  the British Indian army at the how cantonment.

Ambedkar  was born into a Mahar (Dalit) caste ,who were  treated as untouchables and  subjected to socio economic discriminations .although they  attended school, Ambedkar and  other  untouchable  children were  segregated and  given  little attention or help  by  teachers.  they  were  not   allowed to  sit  inside  the  class . when  they  needed to drink  water, someone  from a higher caste had  to pour  that  water  from  a height  as  they  were  not  allowed  to touch   either  the  water  or the  vessel  that  contained it. this  task was  usually performed  for the  young Ambedkar by the  school peon ,and if the  peon was not available then he had to go  without water ;he described the situation later in his  writing  as no peon no water he was  required to sit on a gunny sack which he  had to take home with him.

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Nathuram godse

 well come to Nathuram Godse life journey.  

Nathuram Vinayak Godse

born: Ramachandra Vinayaka Godse
19 may 1910 
Baramati ,Bombay 
presidency, British India.
present day (Maharashtra ,India )
Died: 15 November 1949 9 aged 39) 
Ambala central jail, east 
Punjab ,India .
Cause of death: execution by hanging
Organization (s) : Rastriya Swayamsevak
Sangh
Hindu Mahasabha.


 

Nathuram Vinayak Godse ( 19 may 1910-15 November 1949) was the  assassin of mahatma Gandhi. he  was  a Hindu  nationalist from  Maharashtra  who  shot  Gandhi in the  chest  three times  at  point  blank  range  at a multi -faith prayer meeting in  Birla house in new  Delhi  on 30 January 1948.

Godse was a member of the  political party ,the  Hindu  mahasabha  ,and  a member  of  the Rastriya  Swayamsevak  Sangh (RSS) ,a right -wing  Hindu  paramilitary  volunteer organization , and a popularizer of  the  work of  his mentor  Vinayak  Damodar Savarkar , who had created the  ideology of Hindutva.

Godse had two unsuccessful attempts  to assassinate mahatma Gandhi  in 1944 before  he  succeeded the third time . after  the  1948 assassination ,Godse  claimed Gandhi  favoured  the  political demands  of  British  Indians  Muslims during  the  partition of India of 1947. soon after mahatma Gandhi had fallen from the  fatal shots at the  prayer meeting , and  while  the  attendant crowd was  in  shock, Godse was  grasped and  while  the attendant  crowd was in shock ,Godse  Reiner Rj , a vice -consul at the  new American  embassy in  Delhi who was also attending ; eventually ,Godse was  taken  away by the  police. Godse was  sentenced to death on 8 November 1949 . although pleas for clemency were made  by Gandhis two sons ,Manilal Gandhi and  Ramdas Gandhi ,they were  turned  down  by Indians prime  minister  Jawaharlal  Nehru , deputy prime  minister  Vallabhbhai Patel ,and governor - general Chakravarti Rajagopalachari ,and  Godse was executed at the  Ambala central jail on 15 November  1949.

       early life

Nathuram Vinayakrao Godse was born  into a  Maharashtrian  chitpavan brahmin family. His mother was Lakshmi .at  birth , he was named Ramachandra .Nathuram was given  his name due  to  his  parents  fear  that  a curse  targeted their male  children , caused by  the loss of  their three  previous sons  young Ramachandra was  therefore  brought up as a girl for  the  first few  year  of his  life , including having his nose  pierced and  being  made  to  wear a nose - ring .it was then  that  he earned  the  nickname  Nathuram  after his  younger brother  was  born ,they switched to treating him as a boy.

Godse attended the local school at Baramati through the  fifth standard ,after which he was sent to live with an aunt in Pune so that could study at an English -language school.

political career and beliefs.

Godse dropped out of high school and became an activist with Hindu nationalist organisations Rastriya Swayamsevak Sangh and  Hindu  Mahasabha ,although the  exact dates of his membership are uncertain.

RSS membership

Godse joined RSS in Sangil in 1932 as a Boudhika Karyawah ,and  simultaneously remained a member  of the Hindu Mahasabha ,both right -wing organisations . he often wrote  articles in newspapers to publicise  his  thoughts .during  this  time ,Godse  and M.S Golwalkar ,later  RSS chief , Ofter worked  together ,and  they  translated  Babarao Savarkar s book Rashtra  Mimansa into English .they  had  a felling out  when  Golwalkar took  the  entire credit for this  translation .in the  early  1940s, Godse  formed his  own  organisation, Hindu Rashtra dal  on  the  Vijayadashami day  of 1942, though he continued to  remain  a member  of  the RSS and Hindu  Mahasabha.

in 1946 ,Godse  claimed to have  left  the RSS and moved  to the Hindu Mahasabha over the issue of the  partition of India . however, historical sources do not  corroborate this claim ;an investigations published  by the caravan in January 2020 revealed that  up until his  final days gods was  listed  as a member  in  record  kept by  the  RSS  of meetings  that  took  place  long after  he  was supposed  to have  left  the  organisation. His  family  has  also  said  that  he  had  never  left the RSS ,highlighting that  he held  membership at the RSS as well as the  Hindu  Mahasabha. Godse's  1946 claim is  also  refuted by  his  first deposition in Marathi after he assassinated Gandhi ,where  he  says that  while  he  did  join the  Hindu  Mahasabha ,I remained active in Rastriya Swayamsevak Sangh.

assassination of mahatma Gandhi.

main article: assassination of mahatma Gandhi.

in may 1944 attempted to assassinate Gandhi with  a knife .he led  a group of 15 to 20 young men who rushed  at Gandhi during  a prayer   meeting panchgani. godse and his  group was prevented  by the crowds from reaching Gandhi . he was released due  to  Gandhi s own  policy of  declining to press criminal charges.

 

thank you .................

list of indian ODI cricketers.

 well come to all Indian cricketer .

a one day international (ODI) is an international cricketers  match  between two  representative teams , each having ODI status, as determined by the international cricket council (ICC) .an ODI differs from  test   matches  in that the  number  of overs per  team  is limited ,and that each team has only one innings .

 India played their first ODI in 1974 and a total of 256 players have represented the team . since 1974 India has  played  1,058 ODIs, resulting in  559 victories, 445 defeats ,10 ties  and 44 no  results .Indians  first  series victory  came against England in 1981 ,winning 2-1. indie won  the  cricket world  cup twice  in  1983 and  2011  and  was runner - up in 2003 .India won the ICC champions trophy in the year 2013 and  had  earlier shared  once with  Sri  Lanka  in  2002 because  rain  washed out  the  attempt to  complete  the final twice . India  was  also runner -up in 2000.india have won  the  Asia cup ( in ODI format) a total of  seven  times in 1984,1988,1990,1995,2010,2018 and  2023.

    Sachin  Tendulkar is the youngest debutant at the  age  of 16 year and 238  days and  Farokh engineer is oldest  debutant  at the  age of 36 years and  138 days . anil Kumble is the  leading  wicket  taker  with  337 wickets to  his  name ,and Sachin Tendulkar is the  leading  run  scorer with  18,426 runs to his name  from  452 innings at  an  average  of  44.43. Tendulkar  holds the  record  for playing  the  most  ODI matches played (463) .he  also  holds  the world  record  number  of  man the  match  award s. Rohit  Sharma s score  of  264  against Sri Lanka  in November 2014 is the  hights number  of runs scored by  any  player  in an  ODI . Sourav Ganguly s 183 against Sri Lanka is the  highest number of runs scored  by an  Indian cricketers in a  cricket world cup match .

     

Sachin Tendulkar.

   Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar born 24 April 1973 is an Indian  former  international  cricket  who  captained  the Indian national team . he is  widely regarded as one  of  the  greatest  cricketers  of all time .  and  is the  holder  of  several  world  record s , including being  the  all -time  highest  run - scorer in both  ODI  and  test  cricket  receiving  the  most  player  of  the  match  awards in  international  cricket , and  being the  only  batsman to  score  100 international centuries. Tendulkar  was  a member of  parliament , Rajya Sabha by  presidential nomination from 2012 to 2018.

having retired from ODI cricket in 2012, he  retired from all forms of  cricket in November 2013 after playing his  200th test .

Kapil dev.

    Kapildev Ramlal Nikhanj born 6 January 1959 is an Indian  former cricket team  captiain .hi is regarded as one of the  greatest all - rounders in the  history  of  cricket ,he  was a fast -medium  bowler and  a hard -hitting  middle - order  batsman . dev is the  only player in the history  of cricket to have  taken  more  then 400  wickets (434 wicket  ) and scored  more then 5000 runs  in test cricket .

  dev captained the Indian cricket team that won the 1983 cricket  world cup ,becoming the first  Indian captain to win  the  cricket  world cup .he  is  still the  youngest captain ( at the age of24) to win  the  world  cup  for  any  team . he  retired in 1994, as the first  player to take 200 ODI  wickets . and  holding  the  world  record  for  the  highest number of wickets taken in test cricket ,a record subsequently broken by Courtney Walsh in 2000. 

Sunil Manohar sunny Gavaskar born July 1949  is a former captain of  the  Indian national cricket team who represented India and Mumbai from 1971 to 1987 . Gavaskar is acknowledged as one of the greatest opening batsman of all time.

Gavaskar is a recipient of the Indian sports honour of the arjuna awards and the  civilian honour of the  Padma Bhushan. he was  inducted  into the   ICC cricket hall of fame in 2009 .in 2012 ,he  was  awarded the C.K Nayudu lifetime  achievement  award, the  highest honour  BCCI can  bestow on a  former player . Gavaskar is  also  known as sunny by his fans and  fellow cricket commentators.

pahalgam terror attack updates: pakistan .

 pahalgam attack key updates ; 26 killed J- k s deadliest strike in recent times , PM Modi heads  back to India.

  pahalgam attack : the attack occurred just  as the tourist and  trekking  season was gaining momentum .it took place  in baisaran, an  expansive meadow located about six  km from the resort town of pahalgam .surrounded by dense  pine  forests and mountains  ,  baisaran is  a popular destination destination among tourists.

Srinagar ,indian -administered Kashmir - suspected rebesls killed at least 26 people on tuesday on tuesday in the deadliest such attack  in a quarter - century  in indian - administered kashmir , setting off a chain of  tit -for - tat moves by  india and pakistan and raising the spectre of a full - fledged conflict between the nuclear -armed neigbours.

   new delhi and  islamabad (cnn) -relations between india and  pakistan are  cratering following a deadly militant attack in indian -administered kashmir that has  sparked , tit -for - tat represals  and  raised  fears  of another  military escalation between  the  nuclear - armed rivals

 on 22 april 2025 ,five terrorists attacked male  hindu tourists in the  indian -administered territory of jammu and  kashmir , killping 26 and  injuring more  then 20 other s, in the  deadlist incident of  its  kind in india since  the  2008 mumbai attacks. the  incident took place  in baisaran valley , a  popular  tourist destination naer pahalgam.

  the resistance front TRF,an offshoot of the pakistan-based UN -designated lterrorist group lashkar - e taiba , initially claimed  responsibility for the  attack , linking  it to indian government policy that allows indian citizens  to  live and work in kashmir ,resulting  in non-local settlement in the  region. four days later ,they retracted their claim.

  the attack intensified tensions between indian and pakistan, leading to a diplomatic crisis .india accused pakistan of supporting cross -border  terrorism and suspended the  indus waters treaty ,expelled pakistani diplomats,and closed borders . pakistan denied indias  accusations and  retaliated by suspending the .

chennai super kings .(CSK)

 well come to CSK in Indian IPL team .

Chennai super kings ( CSK )  is an Indian professional T20 cricket franchise based in Chennai, Tamil Nadu . the  team competes in the Indian premier league (IPL) and was one of the eight franchises incorporated when the  league was  established in 2008 .the team plays  its home  matches at  the M.A Chidambaram stadium and  is owned by Chennai super kings cricket.

    the super king  is the joint -most successful ipl franchise ( along with Mumbai Indians ) ,having won five IPL littles. it has also  appeared in ten finals  and qualified for the playoff stages12 times ,the  most amongst the  IPL teams .the  franchise has also won the  champions league  twenty20 twice in 2010 and 2014. the team is currently  captained by M S Dhoni and coached by Stephen Fleming.

 the super kings was suspended for two years from  the IPL from July 2015 to 2017  due  to the  involvement of its owners in the  2013 IPL batting case. the franchise re-joined the  tournament  for  the  2018 season and  won  the  title in its  comeback  season .in January 2022 ,csk became  Indians first unicorn sports enterprise .as of 2022 ,it  was the second most  valiable IPL franchise with a valuation of Doller 1.15 billion.

    History.

early years (2008-09)

in september 2007,the board of control for cricket in india premier league (IPL) ,a twenty20 competition with the inaugural season planned for 2008. chennai was one of the eight city - based franchises unveiled for the inaugural edtion in january 2008.

 the player auction for  the inaugural IPL season took  place in january 2008. then captain of  the  indian team MS dhoni was bought by the  super  kings for doller 1.5 million ,the  most  expensive buy  at the auction.the   franchise  also  bought  international cricketers suresh raina,mattiah  muralitharan and  michael  hussey in  the  inaugural season ,the   franchise named  dhoni mas the  captain of the  team  played  its  first  game in the  IPL on 19 april 2008 against  punjab  kings (then kings XI punjab) at mohali, which it won by 33 runs .the  super kings finished the  league  stage  in  third  place with  eight wins from 14 games . in the  semifinal, the  maiden IPL final .in the final at  mumbai, rajasthan royal won  the match off  the  last  ball  to defeat  the  super  kings  and  lifted the  first  IPL  tital .by  finishing  as the runners-up  in the IPL , the  super  kings qualified for  the  inaugural season of the  champions  league twenty20 (CLT20). the tournament was  later  cancelled as a consequensation from the BCCI for  the same .

Royal challengers bengluru.

 well come to RCB👈 .

  royal challengers Bengaluru, formerly known as royal challenger Bengaluru ,commonly known as RCB ,is a professional franchise cricket team based in Bengaluru ,Karnataka ,competing in the  Indian premier league .founded in 2008 by united spirits ,currently managed  by Prathamesh Mishra ,the team is named after the liquor brand ,royal challenge .the m. Chinnasamy stadium in Bengaluru is their home ground .it is the most popular and followed cricket franchise with more then18 million followers on Instagram.

  as of 2025 , the team is captained by Rajat Patidarake  and coached by Andy flower .royal challengers have finished as runners -up on three occasions ,in 2009,2011,and 2016,and have qualified for the  playoffs in nine seasons .the  franchise has competed in the champions league , finishing as running -up in the 2011 season .as  of 2024 ,RCB was valued at dollar 117 million ,making them one of the most valuable IPL franchises.

history

2008-2010 : initial seasons .

    main articles ; royal challengers Bengaluru in 2008,2009,and 2010.

in September 2007, the bord of control for cricket in the (BCCI) announced the establishment of the  Indian premier  league (IPL) , a twenty20 competition set  to  begin in 2008 .on 24  January 2008 ,an auction was held in Mumbai for the  league s teams , which  represented  eight  different cities in India ,including Bengaluru . the  Bengaluru franchise was acquired by Vijay Mallya for US Doller 111.6 million ,making it the second -highest bid, slightly less than reliance industries US Doller 111.9 million bid for the Mumbai Indians.

  ahead  of  the 2008 player auction , the ipl designated Rahul Dravid as the icon player for the bangalure  franchise.this designation ensured that dravid would be paid 15 more than the highest bid player at the auction .the  franchise acquired  several prominent indian and international players ,including jacques kallis ,anil kumble ,zaheer khan,mark boucher ,dale steyn ,and cameron white .in the second round of the  auction ,they also signed ross taylor ,misbah -ul -haq ,and  indian under-19 world cup -winning  captain  virat kohli.the  franchise  named  drivid as the  captain of the team  and  appointed  venkatesh  prasad as the  head  coach . the team struggled in the   inaugural  season, winning only  four  out of their 14 matches  and finishing seventh in the  eight  -team table .dravid was the   sole player to score more than 300 runs in tournament ,and the team even had to bench their  most  expensive foreigen player ,kallis ,for several matches due to his poor form.

                    

                                                    2011-2012: IPL and CLT20 finals .

on 8 january 2011 ,the IPL governing council held the auction for the fourth seasons of  the league.franchises had the  option of retaining a maximum of four player for a sum  of us 4.5 million. however ,rcb retained only virat kohli , leaving  their other player s to re - enter the auction pool .during the auction ,bangalore made  significant acquisitions, including tillakaratne dilshan,

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yoga .

 well come to yoga  website .

yoga is an ancient systems of physical ,mental and spiritual practices that originated in india . it includes a variety of techniques  such as breathing exercises, postures (asanas) , relaxation,chanting ,and medition.in the  western world ,yoga often focuses on physical  fitness and stress relief ,primarily through posture -based  practiced .for  beginners ,there are many resourcesavailable ,including short practices designed to introduce the fundamentals of yoga .

  om is a  polysemous symbol representing  a sacred sound ,syllable ,mantra ,and invocation in Hinduism . its written from  is  the most important  symble  in the  Hindu religion . it is the  essence of  the supreme absolute ,conciousness, atman,brahman,or  the cosmic world .in  Indian religion some  serves as a sonic representation of  the divine ,a standard  of  Vedic  authority and a central aspect of  soteriological doctrines and practise .it is the syllable is Ofter found at the beginning and the end of chapters in the Vedas ,the Upanishads ,and other Hindu texts. it is described as the goal of all the Vedas.

  om emerged in the Vedic corpus and is said to be an encapsulated form of Samaveda chants or song .it is a sacred spiritual incantation  made before and during the recitation of spiritual texts ,during puja and private prayers, in ceremonies of rites of passage such as wedding ,and  during meditative and spiritual activities such as Pranava yoga . it is part of the iconography found in ancient and  medieval era manuscripts ,temples, monasteries ,and spiritual retracts in Hinduism ,Buddhism Jainism ,and  Sikhism . as a syllable it is often chanted either meditation  in Hinduism ,buddhism ,and Jainism.

  the syllable om is also referred to as Omkara (Omkara) and Pranava  among  many other  names.

etymology

the Sanskrit noun yoga is derived from the root to attach ,join ,harness, yoke .according  to jones and Ryan, the word  yoga is derived from the  root  Yaj ,to yoke ,probably because the  early  practice  concentrated on  restraining  or yoking in the  senses. later the name was also seen as a  metaphor for linking or yoking to the divine .

  Buswell and Lopez translate yoga as bond restraint and  by extension the mind as yoking the mind.

  yoga is a cognate of the English word yoke , since both  are derived from an  Indo-European root .according to Mikel burley ,the  first use of the root of the word yoga is in hymn 5.81.1 of the  rigveda ,a dedication to the rising sun -god where it has been interpreted as yoke or control.

     panini (4th c .BCE) wrote that the term yoga can be  derived  from either of two roots Yujiro yoga (to yoke ) or Yaj Samadhi (to concentrate 0. in the context of the yoga sutras, the  root  Yaj Samadhan (to concentrate) is  considered the correct etymology by  traditional commentators . in accordance  with panni ,Vyasa who wrote  the first commentary on the yoga says that yoga means samadhi (concentration ) Larson notes that in the  Vyasa Bhays the term samadhi refer to all levels of mental  life that is all possible states of awareness, whether ordinary or extraordinary.                                                                                                                                                                                                      Due to its complicated historical development and the broad array of definitions and usage in Indian religions scholars have warned that yoga is hard if not impossible to define exactly David Gordon white notes that yoga has a wider range of meanings than nearly any other word in the entire Sanskrit lexicon in its broadest sense yoga is a generic term for techniques aimed at controlling body and mind and attaining a soteriological goal as specified by a specific tradition.

  ruched king (1999) yoga  in the  more traditional sense of  the  terms has  been practised throughout south  Asia and beyond and involves a multitude of techniques leading  to spiritual and ethical purification .Hindu and Buddhist tradition alike  place  a great deal of emphasis upon the  practice of  yoga as a means of  attaining  liberation from the world of rebirth and yogic practices have been aligned with a variety of  philosophical theories and metaphysical positions.

    

Indus valley civilisation.

the twentieth -century scholars Karel Werner, Thomas mc evilly ,and Mircea Eliade believed that the central figure of the Pashupati seal is seated in the Mulabandhasana posture ,and  the is rejected by more recent  scholarship ; for example ,Geoffrey Samuel ,Andrea R .Jain, and Wendy Doniger describe the  identification as speculative ;the meaning of the figure  will  remain unknown until Harappans script is deciphered, and the roots yoga cannot be linked to the IVC.

earliest references (1000-500BCE)

  further information: Vedic period 

the Vedas ,the only texts preserved from the early Vedic period and codified between c. 1200 and 900 BCE ,contain references to yogic practiced primarily related to ascetic outside ,or on the fringes of Brahmanism.